15. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 

The company’s financial instruments consist mainly of deposits with banks, short-term investments, accounts receivable and payable, bank borrowings, money and capital market borrowings, loans to and from subsidiaries.

    Notes     2018
Rm
  2017
Rm
 
15.1 Summary of financial assets              
  Carrying value:              
  Loans and receivables       14 042   14 364  
  Fair value:              
  Loans and receivables       14 042   14 364  
  Summary financial liabilities              
  Carrying value:              
  Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost       3   16  
  Interest-bearing loans 12,13     6 215   6 205  
  Amounts due to subsidiaries 8     168   165  
  Fair value:              
  Financial liabilities measured at fair value       3   16  
  Interest-bearing loans 12,13     6 247   6 267  
  Amounts due to subsidiaries 8     168   165  
 

All financial instruments are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value except for the non-current portion of fixed rate receivables, payables and interest-bearing borrowings which are carried at amortised cost. The carrying amounts for investments, cash, cash equivalents as well as the current portion of receivables, payables and interest-bearing borrowings approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. All financial assets and liabilities are categorised as loans and receivables.

15.2 Financial risk management
 

a. Capital risk management

The company manages its capital to ensure that the company will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to stakeholders through the optimisation of debt and equity. The overall strategy remains unchanged from the previous year.

The capital structure of the company consists of debt (refer notes 12 and 13) and equity attributable to equity holders of Barloworld Limited, comprising issued capital (note 12), reserves and retained earnings (statement of changes in equity).

A finance committee consisting of senior executives of the company meets on a regular basis to review the capital structure based on the cost of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital, analyse currency and interest rate exposure and to re-evaluate treasury management strategies in the context of the most recent economic conditions and forecasts.

b. Market risk

(i) Currency risk

The company is not exposed to any significant currency risk.

(ii) Interest rate risk

The company manages the exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a balance between fixed and floating rate borrowings. The interest rate characteristics of new borrowings and the refinancing of existing borrowings are structured according to expected movements in interest rates. There has been no change in the current year to this approach.

    2018
Rm
  2017
Rm
 
The interest rate profile of total borrowings is as follows:          
Interest rates          
Loans at fixed rates of interest   3 767   2 374  
Loans linked to South African money market rates   2 448   3 831  
    6 215   6 205  

Interest rate sensitivity analysis

Refer to note 31 of the consolidated annual financial statements.

There has been no change during the current year in the company’s approach to managing other price risk.

c. Credit risk

The potential area of credit risk is short-term cash investments, equity loans and inter-group loans. It is company policy to deposit short-term cash investments with major banks and financial institutions with strong credit ratings.

    2018
Rm
  2017
Rm
 
Maximum exposure to credit risk (excluding collateral held)          
Financial assets   14 042   14 369  

d. Liquidity risk

The company manages liquidity risk by monitoring forecast cash flows and maintaining a balance between long and short-term borrowings.

There has been no change to this approach in the current year.

Maturity profile of financial liabilities

The maturity profile of the financial instruments is summarised as follows (based on contractual undiscounted cash flows):

          Repayable during the year ending
30 September
 
    Total owing
2018
    2019 2020 – 2023 2024
and onwards
 
Interest-bearing liabilities   5 440     1 673 3 767    
    Total owing
2017
    2018 2019 – 2022 2023
and onwards
 
Interest-bearing liabilities   7 613     1 566 5 789 258